Europe

• Ferrara, City of the Renaissance, and its Po Delta

  ⓒUNESCO

  Ferrara, City of the Renaissance, and its Po Delta

  country : Italy
  location : City and Province of Ferrara, Emilia-Romagna Region
  coordinate : N44 50 16, E11 37 10
  Enrollment Year : 1995year
  heritage area : 46712ha
  buffer zone : 117649ha
  

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  Summary(Ⅵ) : : Ferrara, which grew up around a ford over the River Po, became an intellectual and artistic centre that attracted the greatest minds of the Italian Renaissance in the 15th and 16th centuries. Here, Piero della Francesca, Jacopo Bellini and Andrea Mantegna decorated the palaces of the House of Este. The humanist concept of the 'ideal city' came to life here in the neighbourhoods built from 1492 onwards by Biagio Rossetti according to the new principles of perspective. The completion of this project marked the birth of modern town planning and influenced its subsequent development.

  

• Mantua and Sabbioneta

  Nomination File

  Mantua and Sabbioneta

  country : Italy
  location :
  coordinate : N45 9 34, E10 47 40
  Enrollment Year : 2008year
  heritage area : 235ha
  buffer zone : 2330ha
  

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  Summary(Ⅵ) : : Mantua and Sabbioneta represent two aspects of Renaissance town planning: Mantua shows the renewal and extension of an existing city, while some 30 km away, Sabbioneta represents the implementation of the period’s theories about planning the ideal city. Typically, Mantua’s layout is irregular with regular parts showing different stages of its growth since the Roman period and includes many historical buildings, among them an 11th century rotunda and a Baroque theatre. Sabbioneta, created in the second half of the 16th century under the rule of Vespasiano Gonzaga Colonna, can be described as a single-period city and has a right-angle grid layout. Both cities offer exceptional testimonies to the urban, architectural and artistic realizations of the Renaissance, linked through the visions and actions of the ruling Gonzaga family. The two towns are important for the value of their architecture and for their prominent role in the dissemination of Renaissance culture. The ideals of the Renaissance, fostered by the Gonzaga family, are present in the towns’ morphology and architecture.

  

• Assisi, the Basilica of San Francesco and Other Franciscan Sites

  ⓒUNESCO

  Assisi, the Basilica of San Francesco and Other Franciscan Sites

  country : Italy
  location :
  coordinate : N43 3 58.2, E12 37 20.8
  Enrollment Year : 2000year
  heritage area : 14563ha
  buffer zone : 4087ha
  

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  Summary(Ⅵ) : : Assisi, a medieval city built on a hill, is the birthplace of Saint Francis, closely associated with the work of the Franciscan Order. Its medieval art masterpieces, such as the Basilica of San Francesco and paintings by Cimabue, Pietro Lorenzetti, Simone Martini and Giotto, have made Assisi a fundamental reference point for the development of Italian and European art and architecture.

  

• Historic Centre of Český Krumlov

  ⓒUNESCO

  Historic Centre of Český Krumlov

  country : Czechia
  location : South Bohemian Region
  coordinate : N48 49 0, E14 19 0
  Enrollment Year : 1992year
  heritage area : 52ha
  buffer zone : 1073ha
  

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  Summary(Ⅵ) : : Situated on the banks of the Vltava river, the town was built around a 13th-century castle with Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque elements. It is an outstanding example of a small central European medieval town whose architectural heritage has remained intact thanks to its peaceful evolution over more than five centuries.

  

• Historic City of Trogir

  ⓒUNESCO

  Historic City of Trogir

  country : Croatia
  location : County of Split-Dalmatia
  coordinate : N43 30 45, E16 15 6.012
  Enrollment Year : 1997year
  heritage area : 6ha
  buffer zone : 4ha
  

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  Summary(Ⅵ) : : Trogir is a remarkable example of urban continuity. The orthogonal street plan of this island settlement dates back to the Hellenistic period and it was embellished by successive rulers with many fine public and domestic buildings and fortifications. Its beautiful Romanesque churches are complemented by the outstanding Renaissance and Baroque buildings from the Venetian period.

  

• Garrison Border Town of Elvas and its Fortifications

  ⓒMunicipality of Elvas

  Garrison Border Town of Elvas and its Fortifications

  country : Portugal
  location :
  coordinate : N38 52 50.23, W7 9 47.96
  Enrollment Year : 2012year
  heritage area : 179ha
  buffer zone : 608ha
  

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  Summary(Ⅵ) : : The site, extensively fortified from the 17th to 19th centuries, represents the largest bulwarked dry-ditch system in the world. Within its walls, the town contains barracks and other military buildings as well as churches and monasteries. While Elvas contains remains dating back to the 10th century ad, its fortification began when Portugal regained independence in 1640. The fortifications designed by Dutch Jesuit padre Cosmander represent the best surviving example of the Dutch school of fortifications anywhere. The site also contains the Amoreira aqueduct, built to enable the stronghold to withstand lengthy sieges.

  

• Historic Centre of Évora

  ⓒJose Emilio Guerreir

  Historic Centre of Évora

  country : Portugal
  location : Province: Alentejo, District: Evora
  coordinate : N38 34 23.016, W7 54 28.008
  Enrollment Year : 1986year
  heritage area : 0ha
  buffer zone : 0ha
  

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  Summary(Ⅵ) : : This museum-city, whose roots go back to Roman times, reached its golden age in the 15th century, when it became the residence of the Portuguese kings. Its unique quality stems from the whitewashed houses decorated with azulejos and wrought-iron balconies dating from the 16th to the 18th century. Its monuments had a profound influence on Portuguese architecture in Brazil.

  

• Historic Fortified City of Carcassonne

  ⓒEditions Gelbart

  Historic Fortified City of Carcassonne

  country : France
  location : Department of Aude, Languedoc-Roussillon Region
  coordinate : N43 12 38, E2 21 32
  Enrollment Year : 1997year
  heritage area : 11ha
  buffer zone : 1358ha
  

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  Summary(Ⅵ) : : Since the pre-Roman period, a fortified settlement has existed on the hill where Carcassonne now stands. In its present form it is an outstanding example of a medieval fortified town, with its massive defences encircling the castle and the surrounding buildings, its streets and its fine Gothic cathedral. Carcassonne is also of exceptional importance because of the lengthy restoration campaign undertaken by Viollet-le-Duc, one of the founders of the modern science of conservation.

  

• Fortifications of Vauban

  ⓒEditions Gelbart

  Fortifications of Vauban

  country : France
  location :
  coordinate : N50 16 57, E2 45 32
  Enrollment Year : 2008year
  heritage area : 1153ha
  buffer zone : 4341ha
  

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  Summary(Ⅵ) : : Fortifications of Vauban consists of 12 groups of fortified buildings and sites along the western, northern and eastern borders of France. They represent the finest examples of the work of Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban (1633-1707), a military engineer of King Louis XIV. The serial property includes towns built from scratch by Vauban, citadels, urban bastion walls and bastion towers. There are also mountain forts, sea forts, a mountain battery and two mountain communication structures. This property is inscribed as bearing witness to the peak of classic fortifications, typical of western military architecture. Vauban also played a major role in the history of fortification in Europe and on other continents until the mid-19th century.

  

• Fortress of Suomenlinna

  ⓒSuomen Ilmankuva Oy

  Fortress of Suomenlinna

  country : Finland
  location : Helsinki Harbour, Region of Uusimaa, Province of Southern Finland
  coordinate : N60 8 49.992, E24 59 13.992
  Enrollment Year : 1991year
  heritage area : 0ha
  buffer zone : 0ha
  

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  Summary(Ⅵ) : : Built in the second half of the 18th century by Sweden on a group of islands located at the entrance of Helsinki's harbour, this fortress is an especially interesting example of European military architecture of the time.